calico

Radxa Rock Pi S, a teeny little ARM computer with PoE and 100Mb ethernet
Running Armbian this time, I've got Armbian_23.8.1_Rockpi-s_bookworm_current_6.1.50.img.xz
```
Linux calico 6.1.50-current-rockchip64 #3 SMP PREEMPT Wed Aug 30 14:11:13 UTC 2023 aarch64 GNU/Linux
```
Much newer than the 4.4 kernel that Radxa distributes themselves
Located at home

Contents

calico

Hardware replacement notes

calico has been having issues, not sure if it'll work again after rebuilding it. In case it doesn't, the plan is something like an RPi5 with PoE hat.

My God it is terrible using the internet at home without adblocking, eugh.

RPi 5 with 4GB RAM: https://core-electronics.com.au/raspberry-pi-5-model-b-4gb.html
RPi 5 active cooler: https://core-electronics.com.au/raspberry-pi-5-active-cooler.html
RPi 5 official case: https://core-electronics.com.au/raspberry-pi-5-case-red-white-official.html
RPi 5 PoE hat: https://core-electronics.com.au/power-over-ethernet-hat-g-raspberry-pi-5-5v-5a.html

It'll be about $163 AUD including shipping. I could get another mini PC as those are great, but the PoE capability of the RPi is really really nice - it just doesn't need the grunt. Arguably the RPi 5 is too much and I should use an RPi 4, but it's better to get newer more capable hardware when the price difference is small anyway.

Build notes

I previously wrote general notes for Rock Pi S hardware based on using the Radxa distro, this time I'm trying something different.

Image and setup SSH keys

Image the SD card with Etcher and let it boot, it'll get on the network with DHCP
- The MAC address will be something random, as these boards don't have a real burnt-in MAC address, so you'll need to find it.
Login with root // 1234
Let it run the firstrun thing to set the root password to something secure, and record it safely. Select bash or zsh, your choice.
- Skip user account creation, I won't be using that
Copy your SSH key to the box, using the freshly-set root password
```
ssh-copy-id root@IP
```
Login again, now it'll use your SSH key
```
ssh root@IP
```

Regenerate SSH host keys to ensure they're clean

rm /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server

We only want to use ed25519 as well

echo "HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/10-ed25519-hostkey-only.conf

Logout completely
Delete the entries from your local known_hosts file
SSH again as root@IP, accepting the new keys. It'll use your SSH key instead of asking for password now.

Go ahead and reboot to make sure everything is clean.

Run armbian-config to configure the host

System
- CPU: choose the min/max speeds, use ondemand governor
- Avahi: Let's announce, I guess
- Hardware
  - Check bs@1.3ghz (I think this is fine for v1.3 RockPiS board
- Firmware: Apply all updates, don't reboot
Network
- IP
  - end0
    - Static: 192.168.1.26 // 24 // 192.168.1.1 // 8.8.8.8
Personal
- Timezone: Australia/Sydney
  - Locales
    - Enable en_AU.UTF-8
    - Leave en_US.UTF-8 enabled too
    - Select en_AU.UTF-8 as default for system
- Hostname: calico
- Welcome
  - 10 Armbian header
  - 30 Armbian sysinfo
  - 40 Armbian updates
  - 41 Armbian config
  - 98 Armbian autoreboot warn
  - !! /etc/update-motd.d/ seems to be missing
  - Exit and run armbian-config again, seems fine now

Some notes on the key setup from the Armbian forums: https://forum.armbian.com/topic/23465-apt-get-update-fails-with-public-key-errors/page/2/#comment-178626

I got this error on 2024-04-25 and re/adding the key fixed the issue.

# This is deprecated, but I think it still works
wget -qO - http://fi.mirror.armbian.de/apt/armbian.key | sudo apt-key add -

# This isn't really necessary but can't hurt
cd /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
wget http://fi.mirror.armbian.de/apt/armbian.key
mv armbian.key armbian.asc

# The linked guide actually suggests doing this:
wget https://apt.armbian.com/armbian.key -O key
gpg --dearmor < key | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/armbian.gpg > /dev/null
chmod go+r /usr/share/keyrings/armbian.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/armbian.gpg] http://apt.armbian.com $(lsb_release -cs) main  $(lsb_release -cs)-utils  $(lsb_release -cs)-desktop" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/armbian.list
apt update

Basic environment stuff

Armbian doesn't seem to load root's bashrc so we trigger it ourselves

echo -e "if [ -f ~/.bashrc ] ; then\n    . ~/.bashrc\nfi" > /root/.profile

Enable shell timestamping for root, as our usual bashrd.d won't be imported here

echo -e "\n# Timestamped shell FTW\nexport HISTTIMEFORMAT='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S  '" >> /root/.bashrc

Set hostname:

hostnamectl set-hostname calico.thighhighs.top

Set timezone

timedatectl set-timezone Australia/Sydney

Set editor

echo "export EDITOR=vim" > /etc/profile.d/editor-vim.sh

Disable HashKnownHosts

echo -e "Host *\n    HashKnownHosts no" > /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/99-global.conf

Configure screen

curl -o ~/.screenrc https://gist.githubusercontent.com/barneydesmond/d16c5201ed9d2280251dfca7c620bb86/raw/.screenrc

Configure top by entering this cheatcode
```
z x c s 1.5 <Enter>
e <zero> 1 W q
```

Disable wifi, we don't need it and it slows down boot

systemctl disable wpa_supplicant.service --now
systemctl disable rpcbind.socket --now
systemctl stop rpcbind.service

echo -e "# Don't load the WLAN+BT module, we don't need it\nblacklist 8723ds" > /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-radios.conf
update-initramfs -u

Install useful packages

apt update
apt install -y ack bind9-dnsutils elinks net-tools netcat-openbsd nmap python-is-python3 screen strace tcpdump vim wget whiptail whois

Do a full upgrade then reboot
```
apt full-upgrade
reboot
```

Configure networking

We've already got the static IPv4 address, but let's make sure we've got this complete.

What we want:

Static IPv4 addressing
Autoconfig dynamic IPv6 addressing
- Global stable IPv6 addresses (I guess)
Add a locally-defined static IPv6 address, that other hosts can refer to via DNS etc
- This is a nifty site for testing: http://ip.bieringer.net/ - Look at EUI64_SCOPE and see if it's random/privacy/global. Global is probably what we want for servers.
DNS resolvers will be manually defined

The connection is managed by Network Manager, so let's try sticking with that for now.

nmtui to edit the connection

Rename it to Ethernet or something easier
IPv4
- Set DNS servers to 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4
- Add search domain thighhighs.top
IPv6
- Add v6 address 2404:e80:42e3:0:201:26:314:159
  - Note that this respects the EUI-64 derivation, changing :1:26 to :201:26
- Add search domain thighhighs.top

Reboot and cross your fingers

Save a known-good image for convenience

On another system with an SD card reader, take an image of the system after shrinking the filesystem

e2fsck -f /dev/mmcblk0p2
resize2fs -M /dev/mmcblk0p2

# Use cfdisk or parted to shrink the partition to a bit larger than the FS, has just been reported.
# In this case it's just over 1GiB, so I'll shrink the partition to 1.1GiB.

# Now take the image, capture a bit more than the size of the partitions.
# boot+root partitions are ~1.22GiB (1254MiB) here, so I'll capture 1300MiB just to be sure.
dd bs=1M count=1300 if=/dev/mmcblk0 | pv -br | gzip --fast > 2021-12-13_calico_img_clean_os.img.gz

If you ever need to restore this image, make sure to run resize-assistant afterwards. As well as growing the FS, it needs to locate the backup GPT table at the end of the disk. At the very least you need to run sgdisk -e /dev/mmcblk0 and then partprobe to clean that up.

If you want to expand the filesystem manually:

Boot the image you just restored to the SD card
sgdisk -e /dev/mmcblk0
partprobe
Use parted or cfdisk to expand the 2nd partition to the desired size (or the whole disk)
resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p2

Pihole

Straightforward basic install, no conflict with other installed services.

curl -sSL https://install.pi-hole.net | bash
Google upstream
Use suggested blocklist
Web interface enabled, full query logging and display

  [i] Web Interface password: iMm9OBVz
  [i] This can be changed using 'pihole -a -p'

  [i] View the web interface at http://pi.hole/admin or http://192.168.1.26/admin

  [i] You may now configure your devices to use the Pi-hole as their DNS server
  [i] Pi-hole DNS (IPv4): 192.168.1.26
  [i] Pi-hole DNS (IPv6): 2404:e80:42e3:0:39d1:1547:50dd:bce7
  [i] If you have not done so already, the above IP should be set to static.

  [i] The install log is located at: /etc/pihole/install.log

Admin UI at https://calico.thighhighs.top/admin/

Update our network config to use localhost resolvers only. This gives us the sum of what pihole/dnsmasq knows from local static configs, plus whatever is forwarded to Cloudflare.

Ether1
IPv4 DNS: 127.0.0.1
IPv6 DNS: ::1
- Ignore automatically obtained DNS parameters

In Pihole, enable IPv6 upstreams, and Respond only on interface end0, in http://calico.thighhighs.top/admin/settings.php?tab=dns

This is important as the default setting won't answer queries from other LAN subnets (eg. VPN, IOT segments).

Enable conditional forwarding.

TLS support

Can add TLS \o/ https://discourse.pi-hole.net/t/enabling-https-for-your-pi-hole-web-interface/5771/17

Copy the cert to /etc/ssl/STAR_thighhighs_top.combined.pem, which is a concatenation of the key, the cert, the intermediate CA chain, and apparently the root CA's cert in my case. I dunno why I did that.
Install the mod_openssl for lighttpd:
```
apt install lighttpd-mod-openssl
```

Create /etc/lighttpd/conf-enabled/pihole-tls.conf with the following contents

server.modules += ( "mod_openssl" )

$HTTP["host"] =~ "^[a-zA-Z0-9-_]+\.thighhighs\.top$" {
  # Ensure the Pi-hole Block Page knows that this is not a blocked domain
  setenv.add-environment = ("fqdn" => "true")

  # TLS cert for Pihole admin interface
  $SERVER["socket"] ==     ":443" {
    ssl.engine = "enable"
    ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/STAR_thighhighs_top.combined.pem"
    ssl.openssl.ssl-conf-cmd = ("MinProtocol" => "TLSv1.3", "Options" => "-ServerPreference")
  }
  $SERVER["socket"] == "[::]:443" {
    ssl.engine = "enable"
    ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/STAR_thighhighs_top.combined.pem"
    ssl.openssl.ssl-conf-cmd = ("MinProtocol" => "TLSv1.3", "Options" => "-ServerPreference")
  }

  # Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
  $HTTP["scheme"] == "http" {
    $HTTP["host"] =~ ".*" {
      url.redirect = (".*" => "https://%0$0")
    }
  }
}

Then restart lighttpd and it should just work.

Firewall

As per https://docs.pi-hole.net/main/prerequisites/ I've installed ufw and locked things down.

Limit and fail2ban would be good to do as well: https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/security.md

apt install -y ufw
ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any app OpenSSH
ufw allow from 2404:e80:42e3:0::/64 to any app OpenSSH
ufw enable

# Pihole stuff - https://docs.pi-hole.net/main/prerequisites/#ufw
ufw allow http
ufw allow https
ufw allow domain
ufw allow 67/udp
ufw allow 67/tcp
ufw allow 546:547/udp

Useful(?) links

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