Differences between revisions 8 and 18 (spanning 10 versions)

I grabbed a couple of these, one with NAND flash and one without. Both have Wifi/BT/POE support, and I bought the POE hats because that's a damn good idea.

https://shop.allnetchina.cn/collections/frontpage/products/rock-pi-s?variant=29067635458150

Setup

I'm using their Ubuntu image here, it's "focal" (20.04 LTS).

Initial image and packages

Image the SD card and boot it as normal, get a console either with adb or SSH
- Default SSH creds are rock//rock, there's no root password set but you can sudo up
- SSH is enabled by default
Login as rock, sudo to root
Set hostname: hostnamectl set-hostname wag1.thighhighs.top
Update hostname in /etc/hosts
Uncomment the IPv6 entries in /etc/hosts as well

Regenerate SSH host keys

rm /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server

# As an alternative, though this will generate DSA keys as well
ssh-keygen -A

Packages

apt update
apt install -y vim screen locales bash-completion lsof tcpdump netcat strace nmap less bsdmainutils tzdata whiptail netbase
#dpkg-reconfigure locales
apt full-upgrade
reboot

Delete the entries from your known_hosts then SSH again as rock@host, accepting new keys

Fix your keys

ssh-copy-id rock@host
ssh rock@host # login again
passwd # set a strong random password, this will be used for both rock and root
sudo -i
passwd # set the same for root now
record the new password somewhere
Lock the rock account now: usermod -L rock # this still permits key access
Grab the authorized_keys so root can use it
- mkdir -m 0700 /root/.ssh
- cp /home/rock/.ssh/authorized_keys /root/.ssh/
- chown root:root /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ; chmod 0600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
Logout as rock, login again as root this time

Network config

Disable IPv6 privacy addresses

# It's enabled by default on Ubuntu focal
sed -r -i 's/tempaddr = 2/tempaddr = 0/' /etc/sysctl.d/10-ipv6-privacy.conf
systemctl restart procps

# This is a nifty site for testing: http://ip.bieringer.net/
# Look at EUI64_SCOPE and see if it's random/privacy/global. Global is what we want for servers (probably).

More config

Set timezone

timedatectl set-timezone Australia/Sydney

Set editor

echo "export EDITOR=vim" > /etc/profile.d/editor-vim.sh

Python
```
apt install python-is-python3
```

Disable HashKnownHosts

echo -e "Host *\n    HashKnownHosts no" > /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/99-global.conf

Configure screen and top

curl -o ~/.screenrc https://gist.githubusercontent.com/barneydesmond/d16c5201ed9d2280251dfca7c620bb86/raw/.screenrc
curl -o ~/.config/procps/toprc https://gist.githubusercontent.com/barneydesmond/d16c5201ed9d2280251dfca7c620bb86/raw/.toprc

More packages

apt install wget curl net-tools ack jq make mlocate elinks nmap whois ethtool bind9-dnsutils apt-utils man-db
updatedb
reboot

Faff with networking

We'd like static IP but dynamic IPv6

apt install netplan.io

Criteria is:

Static IPv4 addressing
Autoconfig IPv6 addressing
- Global static IPv6 addresses (I guess)
Add a locally-defined static IPv6 address, that other hosts can refer to via DNS etc
DNS resolvers will be manually defined
Use networkd instead of network-manager, remove unneeded packages
```
apt purge network-manager networkmanager-patch
apt autoremove
```

This'll do, it goes in /etc/netplan/10-thighhighs.yaml

network:
    version: 2
    renderer: networkd

    ethernets:
        eth0:
            critical: true
            dhcp-identifier: mac
            dhcp4: false
            dhcp6: true
            dhcp6-overrides:
                use-dns: false
            ipv6-privacy: false
            addresses:
                - "192.168.1.26/24"
                # :1:26 for the .1.26 IPv4, ca6c == 51820, the default Wireguard port
                - "2404:e80:42e3:0:26:0:0:ca6c/64"
            routes:
                - to: 0.0.0.0/0
                  via: 192.168.1.1
                  on-link: true
            nameservers:
                addresses:
                    - 192.168.1.20
                    - 192.168.1.24
                    - fe80::e65f:1ff:fe1c:c6ea
                    - fe80::ba27:ebff:fe8c:f4f8
                search:
                    - thighhighs.top

Disable wifi and bluetooth

We don't need them and it slows down boot.

systemctl disable wpa_supplicant.service --now
systemctl disable bluetooth.service --now

Save an image

Now take an image of the system after shrinking the filesystem

e2fsck -f /dev/mmcblk0p2
resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p2 2G
# use cfdisk to resize the partition to 2.4G (as a generous example)
dd bs=4M count=600 if=/dev/mmcblk0 | pv -br | gzip --fast > 2021-12-09_calico_img_pre_pihole.img.gz

Pihole

Straightforward basic install, no conflict with other installed services.

curl -sSL https://install.pi-hole.net | bash
Cloudflare upstream
Web interface enabled, full query logging and display
Pi-hole DNS (IPv4): 192.168.1.26
Pi-hole DNS (IPv6): 2404:e80:42e3:0:1:26:0:ca6c

Admin UI at https://calico.thighhighs.top/admin/

Should probably put cloudflare resolvers into the systemwide resolver set, meaning we don't see our own records though.

1.1.1.1
1.0.0.1
2606:4700:4700::1111
2606:4700:4700::1001

Can add TLS \o/ https://discourse.pi-hole.net/t/enabling-https-for-your-pi-hole-web-interface/5771/17

Firewall

As per https://docs.pi-hole.net/main/prerequisites/ I've installed ufw and locked things down.

Limit and fail2ban would be good to do as well: https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/security.md

apt install ufw
ufw allow ssh
ufw enable

# Pihole stuff - https://docs.pi-hole.net/main/prerequisites/#ufw
ufw allow http
ufw allow https
ufw allow domain
ufw allow 67/udp
ufw allow 67/tcp
ufw allow 546:547/udp

System inspection

I installed their provided image of Debian buster, balena Etcher'd straight onto a spare SD card and inserted. Used adb shell to get initial connectivity to set it up and inspect things.

The root filesystem is all of ~500 MiB, which is great for compactness and speed. It auto-grows on first boot by the looks of it.

[   11.091476] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): resizing filesystem from 199161 to 7835148 blocks
[   11.518063] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): resized filesystem to 7835148

Disk usage

root@rockpis:/# df -hl
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            210M     0  210M   0% /dev
tmpfs            43M  296K   43M   1% /run
/dev/mmcblk0p2   30G  511M   28G   2% /
tmpfs           213M     0  213M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           213M     0  213M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

Block devices

mmcblk0 is the SD card
mmcblk1 is the onboard NAND flash

root@rockpis:/# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
mmcblk0     179:0    0   30G  0 disk 
├─mmcblk0p1 179:1    0  112M  0 part 
└─mmcblk0p2 179:2    0 29.9G  0 part /
mmcblk1     179:32   0  3.6G  0 disk 
└─mmcblk1p1 179:33   0  3.6G  0 part

CPU

root@rockpis:/# lscpu 
Architecture:        aarch64
Byte Order:          Little Endian
CPU(s):              4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core:  1
Core(s) per socket:  4
Socket(s):           1
Vendor ID:           ARM
Model:               2
Model name:          Cortex-A35
Stepping:            r0p2
CPU max MHz:         1296.0000
CPU min MHz:         408.0000
BogoMIPS:            48.00
Flags:               fp asimd aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32

Network interfaces

root@rockpis:/# ifconfig 
eth0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 4e:43:df:6b:85:ff  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 6  bytes 752 (752.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device interrupt 26  

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 2  bytes 106 (106.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 2  bytes 106 (106.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

p2p0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 1a:77:e9:6d:75:84  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wlan0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether e6:a6:66:59:15:ed  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

-  ⇤ ← Revision 8 as of 2021-12-09 09:46:52 → 
  Size: 6960
  Editor: furinkan
  Comment: do the steps for ubuntu
+   ← Revision 18 as of 2021-12-11 02:04:10 → ⇥
  Size: 9330
  Editor: furinkan
  Comment: Uncomment IPv6 entries in /etc/hosts
-Deletions are marked like this.
+Additions are marked like this.
 Line 16:
+ * Update hostname in /etc/hosts
 * Uncomment the IPv6 entries in /etc/hosts as well
-Line 25:
+Line 27:
-apt install -y vim screen locales bash-completion lsof tcpdump netcat strace nmap less bsdmainutils whiptail
+apt install -y vim screen locales bash-completion lsof tcpdump netcat strace nmap less bsdmainutils tzdata whiptail netbase
-Line 31:
+Line 33:
+Fix your keys
 * ssh-copy-id rock@host
 * ssh rock@host  # login again
 * passwd  # set a strong random password, this will be used for both rock and root
 * sudo -i
 * passwd  # set the same for root now
 * record the new password somewhere
 * Lock the rock account now: usermod -L rock  # this still permits key access
 * Grab the authorized_keys so root can use it
  * mkdir -m 0700 /root/.ssh
  * cp /home/rock/.ssh/authorized_keys /root/.ssh/
  * chown root:root /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ; chmod 0600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
 * Logout as rock, login again as root this time
-Line 42:
+Line 59:
+== More config ==

 * Set timezone {{{
timedatectl set-timezone Australia/Sydney
}}}
-Line 45:
+Line 68:
- * WIP
 * Set timezone {{{
timedatectl set-timezone Australia/Sydney
}}}
 * Disable HashKnownHosts in `/etc/ssh/ssh_config`
+ * Python {{{
apt install python-is-python3
}}}
 * Disable HashKnownHosts {{{
echo -e "Host *\n    HashKnownHosts no" > /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/99-global.conf
}}}
 * Configure screen and top {{{
curl -o ~/.screenrc https://gist.githubusercontent.com/barneydesmond/d16c5201ed9d2280251dfca7c620bb86/raw/.screenrc
curl -o ~/.config/procps/toprc https://gist.githubusercontent.com/barneydesmond/d16c5201ed9d2280251dfca7c620bb86/raw/.toprc
}}}
-Line 51:
+Line 79:
-apt install wget curl net-tools ack jq make mlocate elinks nmap whois
+apt install wget curl net-tools ack jq make mlocate elinks nmap whois ethtool bind9-dnsutils apt-utils man-db
-Line 55:
+Line 83:
- * Fix up your SSH keys
  * Generate new root password
  * ssh-copy-id your key to the rock user
  * manually copy that to root
  * Lock the `rock` user with `usermod -L rock`

 * Configure screen: curl -o ~/.screenrc https://gist.githubusercontent.com/barneydesmond/d16c5201ed9d2280251dfca7c620bb86/raw/.screenrc
 * Configure top yourself
-Line 72:
+Line 92:
- * Get NTP servers from DHCP if possible
-Line 74:
+Line 93:
- * Global static IPv6 addresses (I guess)
+ * Autoconfig IPv6 addressing
  * Global static IPv6 addresses (I guess)
-Line 76:
+Line 96:
- * DNS resolvers can come from DHCP or be manually defined
+ * DNS resolvers will be manually defined
-Line 82:
+Line 102:
-This'll do:
+This'll do, it goes in `/etc/netplan/10-thighhighs.yaml`
-Line 99:
+Line 119:
-                # 26 for the .26 IPv4, ca6c == 51820, the default Wireguard port
+                # :1:26 for the .1.26 IPv4, ca6c == 51820, the default Wireguard port
-Line 112:
+Line 132:
-                    - thighhighs.top.
}}}

== Disable wifi ==

I don't need it and it slows down boot.
+                    - thighhighs.top
}}}

== Disable wifi and bluetooth ==

We don't need them and it slows down boot.
-Line 120:
+Line 140:
-}}}


= OS =
+systemctl disable bluetooth.service --now
}}}


== Save an image ==

Now take an image of the system after shrinking the filesystem
{{{
e2fsck -f /dev/mmcblk0p2
resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p2 2G
# use cfdisk to resize the partition to 2.4G (as a generous example)
dd bs=4M count=600 if=/dev/mmcblk0 | pv -br | gzip --fast > 2021-12-09_calico_img_pre_pihole.img.gz
}}}


= Pihole =

Straightforward basic install, no conflict with other installed services.

 * `curl -sSL https://install.pi-hole.net | bash`
 * Cloudflare upstream
 * Web interface enabled, full query logging and display
 * Pi-hole DNS (IPv4): 192.168.1.26
 * Pi-hole DNS (IPv6): 2404:e80:42e3:0:1:26:0:ca6c

Admin UI at https://calico.thighhighs.top/admin/

Should probably put cloudflare resolvers into the systemwide resolver set, meaning we don't see our own records though.
 * 1.1.1.1
 * 1.0.0.1
 * 2606:4700:4700::1111
 * 2606:4700:4700::1001

Can add TLS \o/ https://discourse.pi-hole.net/t/enabling-https-for-your-pi-hole-web-interface/5771/17


= Firewall =

As per https://docs.pi-hole.net/main/prerequisites/ I've installed ufw and locked things down.

Limit and fail2ban would be good to do as well: https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/security.md

{{{
apt install ufw
ufw allow ssh
ufw enable

# Pihole stuff - https://docs.pi-hole.net/main/prerequisites/#ufw
ufw allow http
ufw allow https
ufw allow domain
ufw allow 67/udp
ufw allow 67/tcp
ufw allow 546:547/udp
}}}


= System inspection =

Useful(?) links

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