How much for a Skylake-based system? Very rough and ready component selection from MSY and PC Case Gear.
CPU  | 
  i5 6600 (modest)  | 
  325  | 
CPU  | 
  i7 6700K (one-off cost for ongoing performance)  | 
  519  | 
Mobo  | 
  Asus H170-PLUS  | 
  169 (H170 PRO GAMING would be a solid choice too, at $230)  | 
RAM  | 
  16gb of DDR4 2400MHz or whatever  | 
  150  | 
SSD  | 
  Samsung 850 EVO M.2 120G/250G/500G  | 
  99 / 135 / 243  | 
Case  | 
  Antec P280  | 
  169  | 
PSU  | 
  whatever  | 
  100  | 
OS  | 
  Windows 10  | 
  ???  | 
If you want to cheap out a bit, you can tweak a few little things:
- Select a basic H170-based motherboard: Gigabyte or ASrock will be somewhat cheaper, but it still bottoms out around $150. The cheap Asus H170 board is $160 and it uses DDR3 RAM (widespread, cheap, will become "old" in ~2yrs)
 - Use DDR3 RAM: it's cheaper and still very performant, just not future-proof. You can get 16gb of DDR3 for $115 at MSY, but will need to buy a mobo that takes it
 - Use slower RAM: Baseline DDR4 RAM is 2133MHz speed, very slightly cheaper at about $140 from MSY
 - SSD: you can cheap out a bit with a different brand SSD and maybe save $20
 - Case: the P280 is a fancy noise-dampened case. You can pick a basic one and maybe halve the cost
 
Choice of CPU
Current socket is LGA-1151.
i7-6700 = 3.4 GHz + 3/4/5/6 boost increments, TDP of 65W i7-6700K = 4.0 GHz + 0/0/0/2 boost increments, TDP of 91W
i7-6700  | 
  i7-6700K  | 
  Advantage  | 
|
Base clock MHz  | 
  3400  | 
  4000  | 
  17.6%  | 
4 cores active  | 
  3700  | 
  4000  | 
  8.1%  | 
3 cores active  | 
  3800  | 
  4000  | 
  5.2%  | 
2 cores active  | 
  3900  | 
  4000  | 
  2.5%  | 
1 core active  | 
  4000  | 
  4200  | 
  5.0%  |